The American Association of Orthodontists has provided a new orthodontic glossary. This glossary features more than 70 commonly used terms. Photographs accompany many of the definitions
archwire
A wire engaged in the braces, which are affixed to the teeth and is capable of causing or guiding tooth movement.
band (orthodontic)
A thin metal ring, usually stainless steel, which serves to secure orthodontic attachments to a tooth. The band, with orthodontic attachments welded or soldered to it, is closely adapted to fit the contours of the tooth and then cemented into place.
bracket
Also known as a "brace" is an orthodontic attachment that is secured to a tooth (either by bonding or banding) for the purpose of engaging an archwire.
crowding
Dental misalignment caused by inadequate space for the teeth.
decalcification
These are the marks or "scars" left behind when bacteria or soda acid is allowed to remain on the teeth for extended periods. Proper brushing and flossing along with a healthy diet can prevent these.
elastics (rubber bands)
These small rubber bands are used to move teeth in a prescribed direction.
functional appliance
These devices are used to move teeth or affect the growth of the jaws.
gingiva
The tissue that surrounds the teeth, consisting of a fibrous tissue that is continuous with the periodontal ligament and mucosal covering.
hook
This is a welded or removable arm that is used to hook up elastics.
hyrax
This is a palatal expander. It is affixed to the upper teeth and is used to gently widen the upper jaw which will help gain room before the larger permanent teeth enter.
imaging
The process of acquiring representations of structures in either two or three dimensions. Digital radiographs and photographs.
lingual
Of or pertaining to the tongue. A term used to describe surfaces and directions toward the tongue.
lingual wires
A thin wire fixed to the inner surface of the teeth after brace removal to aid in retention .
mandibular
Of or pertaining to the lower jaw.
maxillary
Of or pertaining to the upper jaw. May be used to describe teeth, dental restorations, orthodontic appliances or facial structures.
orthodontist
A dental specialist who has completed an advanced post-doctoral course, accredited by the American Dental Association, of at least two academic years in the specialized area of orthodontics.
orthognathic surgery
Surgery to alter relationships of teeth and/or supporting bones, usually accomplished in conjunction with orthodontic treatment.
overbite
Vertical overlapping of upper teeth over the lower teeth. A normal overbite should show the upper teeth covering 20% to 25% of the lower teeth.
radiograph
A permanent image, typically on film, produced by ionizing radiation. Sometimes called an X-ray after the most common source of image-producing radiation.
retainer
Any orthodontic appliance, fixed or removable, used to maintain the position of the teeth following corrective treatment.
retention
The treatment period following active orthodontic correction during which retainers will be used.
schwartz plate
This is a removable appliance which widens the lower jaw.
twin block
This is a functional appliance used to posture the lower jaw in a forward position. This in turn stimulates new bone growth allowing the lower jaw to be "grown" forward into it's proper position, acheiving a correct bite.